From: Jon Edmunds <return2gal2@gmail.com>
Subject: atoms are miniature solar systems.
Subject: atoms are miniature solar systems.
Hi, I have some alternative ideas about the nature of the universe. I've attached some extracts from the book 'Return To Galaxy-2' which explains why a neutron only lasts for 14 minutes when separated from a nucleus, why electrons are ejected from zinc atoms by UV light (not because of particles striking the electrons), and some other things. Thanks. Jon in Pretoria.
Some extracts (14 pages) from the book ‘Return To Galaxy-2,
Part 1’ (119 pages), copyright J.A. Edmunds 2018, providing
some alternative ideas about the nature of the universe.
Time.
Some Humans believe that time is a physical thing, that it can
be reversed or even stopped. This isn’t possible. Humans have
misinterpreted what Einstein was saying:
Assume two cars are parked at a point along a highway. One of
them, Slowcar, moves off at a slow speed. The second car,
Fastcar, moves off in the same direction 10 minutes later.
When Fastcar overtakes Slowcar on the highway, it will appear
to those in Fastcar that Slowcar is moving backwards. This
doesn’t mean that Slowcar is in reverse gear and driving
backwards - Slowcar is still moving forwards and its occupants
aren’t getting any younger. If Slowcar speeds up so that both
cars are travelling at the same speed, then they will stay the
same distance apart, and Slowcar will appear to have stopped
moving relative to Fastcar.
The same is true for light-speed. Assume two people are
floating above a city park watching the scene below them. One
of them, Lightspeedman, suddenly moves away from Earth at
the speed of light. Because he is moving at the same speed as
the light which was reflecting off the park scene, it will appear
to Lightspeedman as if the city park had frozen in time. If
Lightspeedman sped up, moving faster than light-speed, then
he would overtake the light images that left the park scene
earlier, so that the park scene will appear to be moving
backwards in time. This doesn’t mean that Earth is moving
backwards in time, time is still moving forwards. Catching up
with light images from the past isn’t time travel, and the light
images, moving through space at 1.08 billion kph, would
become distorted as they moved further away from their
source. As an experiment, facing a white wall and having
lamplight or sunlight behind you, close the thumb and
forefinger of one of your hands until they are a few millimetres
apart. Hold your hand in front of the wall creating a clear
shadow of your hand, like when people make animal shapes
using hand shadows. Move your thumb and forefinger together
slowly, watching the shadow on the wall. The gap between the
two fingers of the shadow disappears before you feel your two
fingers touch each other, because the light bends as it moves
through the narrow gap between the two fingers, due to
reflection and refraction. If light can be distorted so easily by
objects, over a distance of less than one metre, imagine how
distorted images can become over a distance of millions of
light-years, with all kinds of objects in between. No wonder
some Humans believe in ‘black holes’. You’ve just created a
black hole in the above experiment.
Some Humans have taken two matching clocks and sent one of
them into orbit. When the orbiting clock returned to Earth, it
showed a slightly different time to the clock that was
earthbound. The orbiting clock experiences physical conditions
that the earthbound clock doesn’t experience. The orbiting
clock would be moving through the Earth’s magnetic fields,
which could have an effect on the orbiting clock. The clock in
the craft will also experience the physical force of acceleration
and deceleration. The clock in orbit would have a different
weight compared to the one on Earth. The orbiting clock may
be affected by static electricity which collects on the craft as it
moves through the atmosphere, or be affected by positively or
negatively charged ions at higher levels. If everything is
relative, does the orbiting clock slow down or does the whole
universe speed up whenever a spacecraft with a clock inside it
leaves Earth?
Humans will age more slowly on an orbiting space station
because their hearts aren’t working as hard when gravity is
absent. Look at the veins in an older person’s arms when their
arms are dangling by their sides; the veins are swollen. Look
again when the arms are held pointing upwards; the veins are
hardly visible. When the heart isn’t fighting against gravity,
but only fighting against resistance, there will be less stress on
the heart. Perhaps weightlessness gives some people a sense of
euphoria, and this may cause the body to release chemicals that
are beneficial to the body.
It could probably be proved mathematically that a long piece
of string ages more slowly than a short piece of string, but time
is just a set of numbers used to measure movement, in the
same way that ‘height’ is a just a set of numbers used to
measure size. Time is not a physical thing, it doesn’t have hair
and teeth. Everything in the Medium is connected. For time to
go backwards in one part of the Medium, everything in the
Medium will have to go backwards. Can you imagine the force
that would be required to reverse the velocity of even one
planet like BP-2b (6 x 10²¹ tons moving at 108,000 kph), let
alone reversing or changing the velocity of all matter, every
atom in the universe.
The Medium and matter.
The Medium is a bubble of energy somewhere in Infinity, in
which matter and Beings exist. Imagine a goldfish bowl filled
with a transparent gel, in which someone has mixed in a spoon
of beach sand. The gel represents the Medium and the beach
sand represents matter. The bubble is infinitely small
compared to all infinity, a tiny pinprick in the sea of infinity,
but compared to a Being, the Medium is vast. We don’t know
what caused the Medium to appear in this part of Infinity. We
have a rough idea of when the Medium came to be, roughly 65
billion years ago. We theorise that the universe is small
compared to the size of the Medium.
Before the big bang there were 128 types of matter particle,
pre-bang matter particles, and one type of Medium particle.
The big bang reduced pre-bang matter particles to their
smallest possible size, post-bang matter particles. After the big
bang there are still 128 types of matter particle, and two types
of Medium particle. Atoms are made of post-bang matter
particles. There are as many post-bang matter particles in an
atom, as there are atoms in an average-size solar system, but a
post-bang matter particle is still 18,000 times bigger than a
Medium particle. There are two types of Medium particle. The
first type of Medium particle is a perfectly spherical, hard,
light, pure, transparent substance, like a tiny glass bead. These
particles are perfectly uniform. The second type of Medium
particle is a fine powder, made of the same substance that the
larger Medium particles are made from, which fills the gaps
between the larger Medium particles. This powder is so fine
that it is solid and liquid at the same time. The big bang caused
some of the original Medium particles to shatter, forming the
powder in between the unbroken Medium particles. The
Medium is constantly moving. The individual Medium
particles are moving, and the Medium has currents that are like
the ocean currents on BP-2b (Earth). All movement that
happens in the Medium, whether it’s the movement of
electrons around a nucleus, the movement of planets around a
star, the movement caused by collisions and explosions, or the
movement of galaxies, causes the Medium itself to move, like
a goldfish causing the water in its bowl to move. No energy
ever escapes from the Medium, but it changes from one form
of energy to another as it moves through the Medium.
All energy in the Medium is because of the attraction between
particles of matter. A particle has energy when it’s moving. If
a particle is stationary, it still has energy - it has the energy to
push back when struck by another particle, altering the path of
the particle that struck it. That’s why energy is equal to mass
(E = m), whether the particle/mass is moving or stationary.
Don’t worry about the c² at the end of the famous formula, it’s
just a number which indicates that there’s a shitload of energy
inside a piece of matter, atoms contain a lot of energy for their
size because atoms are miniature solar systems.
Matter and energy are the same thing, Humans have known
this for a while thanks to Mr Einstein. Matter is equal to
energy because matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are
formed from the energy of the attraction between particles.
Everything in the Medium is about movement, nothing is
stationary, at least not for long. A piece of rock on BP-2b may
be stationary compared to the planet, but the planet is moving,
and the atoms that the rock is composed of are moving. Things
only happened in the Medium in the first place because of the
attraction between particles of matter, which creates movement
and energy.
Humans still believe that Space is mostly a vacuum, and that
light can move through this vacuum, but there are no areas of
vacuum in the Medium. Because the Medium is a bubble
containing particles that are attracted to each other, there’s
immense pressure inside the bubble, so any vacuum in the
Medium will quickly be filled. The pressure inside a soap
bubble, will be greater than the pressure outside a soap bubble,
because the soap particles are pulling towards each other,
trying to make the bubble smaller, compressing the air inside
the bubble. The pressure inside the Medium is great, because
it’s not just the particles forming the surface of the Medium
that are pulling towards each other, but all particles in the
Medium (including the Medium particles) have an attractive
force. Life-forms that developed in the Medium aren’t affected
by this pressure because it’s part of the environment they grow
in.
Outside the Medium there’s a perfect vacuum at absolute zero
temperature, in which light can’t travel (See ‘Science and
transport’, later). Some researchers argue that a perfect
vacuum can’t exist, because infinity itself isn’t a perfect
vacuum; if infinity was a perfect vacuum, then the Medium
wouldn’t exist. Anyway, I digress.
It’s assumed that pre-bang matter particles came into existence
at the same time that the Medium appeared, and it’s assumed
that this matter (the beach sand in the gel) was evenly spread
inside the Medium. The pre-bang matter particles were
stationary at first, something had to start things moving,
attraction. There were no atoms, as Humans know atoms,
before the big bang, only large atoms the size of solar systems
made of pre-bang matter particles. These large atoms formed
as the original pre-bang matter particles coalesced. A sphere is
the natural shape for a coalescing mass, a solar system
formation is the natural formation when particles are attracted
to each other.
We assume that there were no Beings in the pre-bang Medium
because our history begins at a time after the big bang, and we
know this because our memories only go back to a time when
matter was moving away from a central point in the Medium
due to a large explosion. Also, our crystals (described later) are
made of post-bang matter particles.
The big bang.
According to some Humans, matter was created by the big
bang. S1 Humans know there was a big bang, but we don't
believe that matter was created by the big bang. Energy is
needed to cause an explosion, so energy has to exist before an
explosion can occur. Energy/matter has existed for a very long
time, long before the big bang. There will never be an answer
to the question where did energy/matter come from. Who cares
where energy came from. Energy exists. It’s what we do with
it that counts.
The big bang happened near the centre of the Medium. Pre-
bang matter particles began coalescing due to attraction,
forming larger pieces of matter, and because the Medium is a
sphere, the matter became most dense near the centre of the
Medium. The pressure due to gravity caused the centre of large
masses to heat up. It would have taken a very long time for
these particles to coalesce into planets and solar systems. As
far as the Medium is concerned, time means nothing; in the
same way that any object in infinity, is very small compared to
all infinity, any period of time is very small compared to all
eternity. As pre-bang matter became denser near the centre of
the Medium, the effects of gravity would have increased, and
matter would have accelerated at an increasing rate as it got
closer to the denser centre of the Medium.
Not all of the pre-bang matter in the Medium was part of the
big bang mass. When the big bang occurred, there was still
some pre-bang matter approaching the main mass in the centre
of the Medium. It’s not like the main mass could decide to
hang around until it had gathered all the pre-bang matter in the
Medium before it exploded, the explosion happened when a
critical point was reached. There may still be some pre-bang
matter particles in existence near the outskirts of the Medium,
but this is unlikely because the shock waves of the big bang
would probably have fractured all matter in the Medium.
The big bang wasn't just one ball of pre-bang matter
exploding. It was an atomic explosion on a grand scale. A
nuclear explosion on BP-2b is very powerful compared to the
size of the bomb. Imagine that the whole of BP-2b was a
nuclear warhead, 12,742 km in diameter and weighing about 6
billion trillion tons, or imagine that BP-2b’s sun was a nuclear
warhead, 330,000 times heavier than BP-2b, but it doesn’t
compare to the big bang. To give you an idea of the size of the
big bang, I first have to describe how a nuclear explosion
works, as on BP-2b, using small atoms. A nuclear explosion on
BP-2b is a chain reaction between certain atoms. The nucleus
of one atom is caused to explode, releasing enough energy to
cause the next two atoms to explode. When these two atoms
explode, enough energy is released to cause four atoms to
explode, which causes eight atoms to explode, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256, etc. The reaction happens very quickly releasing a huge
amount of energy.
Small atoms were created after the big bang. Previously there
were only large atoms which were solar systems. Pre-bang
matter coalesced forming solar systems and galaxies, moving
faster and faster as they approached the centre of the Medium.
Galaxies got closer together, planets would have started
crashing into each other, a densely packed collection of large
atoms. The big bang was initiated when a large planet crashed
at high speed into a star from a nearby solar system. The
energy released by the explosion caused the next two stars to
explode, releasing enough energy to cause four stars to
explode, then 8, 16, 32, 64 etc., a chain reaction as with a
nuclear explosion on Earth, but not with small atoms, with
zillions of large atoms - an explosion that is difficult to
imagine.
The Medium and the matter within, after the big
bang.
After the big bang things changed, as you can imagine. There’s
as much energy in the Medium now as there was before the big
bang, but it isn’t spread evenly through the Medium. Most of
the matter in the Medium was near the centre of the Medium
when the big bang happened. The pre-bang matter particles
were broken down to their smallest possible size due to the
immense power of the explosion. There was only one kind of
force before the big bang, the force of attraction (gravity,
magnetism and electrostatic attraction are all related) which
creates energy. Without the force of attraction there would still
be mass/matter in the Medium, but no energy, the big bang
wouldn't have happened. The big bang didn’t change the force
of attraction, the same force acted on the smaller and more
energetic post-bang matter particles, creating miniature solar
systems (atoms). Atoms continued to attract other atoms,
forming solar systems (large atoms). We can accurately
measure the forces of attraction and use them to our advantage,
but we still don't know why particles are attracted to each
other. Until then, it’s a kind of magic. The big bang created a
new force, also a kind of magic, sentient Beings.
Science and transport.
Light-speed, 1,080,000,000 kilometres per hour (1.08 billion
kph), is the maximum speed of electromagnetic radiation
through the Medium. It would be difficult to move Humans at
that speed, how would the ship avoid collisions with objects
when moving at 300,000 kilometres per second. It takes a long
time for an oil-tanker on BP-2b to turn or stop, even at the
slow speed the tanker is moving at.
The problem with light-speed is that it is much too slow for
inter-galactic travel, where distances are measured in light-
years, the distance that light travels in one year, which is
approximately 9.5 trillion kilometres. Travelling at light-speed,
it would take about 2.5 million years to reach the nearest
galaxy to Galaxy-2. We used to believe that nothing could
move faster than electromagnetic radiation. This was
confirmed by tests done on the movement of radiation through
the Medium, where it was shown that Medium particles
couldn’t transfer energy faster than light-speed. It’s only
recently (about 5,000 years ago) that we discovered sub-space
radiation.
Humans on BP-2b are advancing rapidly, but sometimes they
don’t see what’s right in front of them. It’s not logic that’s the
problem, a CPU can only do four basic logic operations, add,
subtract, move, compare, which even a young Human
understands. Maybe it’s because Humans are quick to accept
something as being true if it’s written in a book. They should
spend more time revisiting long established theories. There’s
more time available for theorising, it’s not like Humans are
constantly fending off tigers or wolves or fighting to the death
against warring tribes.
Humans haven’t learnt yet about the Medium in which matter
and Beings exist. They still believe that light can travel
through a vacuum, hence they’re still confused by the nature of
light. There are two theories, one, that light travels as a wave,
and two, that light travels as collection of particles. The wave
theory of light and the particle theory of light. Light is a wave
of energy, not particles travelling at light-speed. Light doesn’t
travel through a vacuum. Why does all electromagnetic
radiation, whether it’s visible light, infra-red, ultraviolet, radio,
x-rays etc., move at the same speed? Wouldn’t it make more
sense that radiation of different intensities and wavelengths,
moved at different speeds? The Medium has a maximum speed
at which it can transfer electromagnetic radiation, equalising
the speed of different kinds of electromagnetic radiation.
When electrons are ejected from zinc atoms (a zinc atom has
30 electrons around a nucleus) by ultraviolet light, it’s not
because of particles striking and knocking electrons out of
orbit. When the frequency of a wave in the Medium matches
the frequency of an electron’s orbit, the electron will receive a
boost in energy from the surrounding Medium, like one tuning
fork giving energy to another similar tuning fork, causing the
electron to leave its orbit. If the intensity (wave height) of the
ultraviolet light is increased, the frequency (wave length) will
still be the same, so increasing the intensity of the ultraviolet
light won’t cause more zinc electrons to leave their orbit.
Some Humans believe that DNA is something that just formed
by accident. Take a closer look. DNA is a very sophisticated
nano-technology computer program, a complex double helix
with a range of electro-chemical switches, designed to
assemble machines from the available atoms on BP-2b.
Something so complex could never form by accident. Human
scientists glibly say “DNA appeared, and then ..... ”
Humans still believe that the nucleus of an atom is made of
protons and neutrons, because they haven’t discovered post-
bang matter particles yet. Atoms and solar systems have the
same structure, objects orbiting a nucleus at high speed, and
most of the mass of the structure is in the nucleus: a star makes
up 99.9 % of a solar system’s mass, a nucleus makes up 99.9
% of an atom’s mass.
If an immense giant was looking at the Humans’ solar system
through a powerful microscope, the solar system would look
like a hydrogen atom (one electron orbiting a nucleus),
because the giant would probably only be able to see the sun
and Jupiter, the largest planet.
Atoms formed in the same way that solar systems formed,
from tiny particles gathering into larger masses. What are the
chances of there being another solar system somewhere,
anywhere, that’s exactly like BP-2b’s solar system. Identical
sun, identical planets and moons, same type of orbits (round or
elliptical), same distances between planets and sun, same
speed of planets around sun, rotational speed of planets and
moons, distance of moons from planets, everything matched in
size, weight, density, water content, temperature, material.
Same atoms in the same places. The chances are zero. We
assume that all atoms are still forming, very slowly, and that
every atom is unique. Even a hydrogen atom is still forming in
the same way that BP-2b’s solar system is still forming. In an
element like zinc, the atoms will all be similar and behave in a
similar way, the behaviour of the similar atoms will average
out because of their large numbers.
Humans believe that the nucleus of an atom is made of a
relatively small number of protons and neutrons. In early
atomic experiments by the Human Rutherford in 1919, helium
nuclei were used to bombard nitrogen nuclei (a helium nucleus
is about a third the size of a nitrogen nucleus), to see what
would break off from the nitrogen nucleus. If the nitrogen
nucleus had been bombarded with smaller particles, then
smaller pieces of the nitrogen nucleus would have been broken
off, and protons and neutrons would have been judged to be
smaller. If it was possible, in early experiments, to bombard
the nitrogen nucleus with even smaller particles, then even
smaller pieces of the nitrogen nucleus would have been broken
off, and protons and neutrons would have been judged to be
even smaller. A large truck crashing into a house, is going to
break off a much bigger piece of the house than a car crashing
into that house, at a similar speed, while a bicycle might
dislodge one brick from the house.
Humans could learn a lot about atoms if they observed solar
systems. Humans still debate why a neutron only lasts for
about 15 minutes after it has been broken off from a nucleus.
It’s because the neutron is dismantling itself due to an
imbalance of positive and negative post-bang matter particles.
The broken-off neutron won’t be spherical, the natural shape
for an accumulation of small particles. The neutron will have
many sharp edges (imagine the shape of a piece of concrete
broken off from a concrete ball), causing an unbalanced spread
of positive and negative particles on the surface of the neutron.
A negative particle, at a sharp broken edge of the neutron,
could be surrounded on each side by other negative particles,
causing the negative particle to be repelled and ejected from
the neutron. The neutron will be unbalanced until it has
disassembled itself into a spherical shape again.
When one studies an atom by smashing the nucleus, the impact
causes changes to the nucleus. The heavier particles inside the
nucleus will shift position. Imagine a sphere filled with tightly
packed pieces of granite and polystyrene. If the sphere is hit
hard by something, the heavier pieces of granite will move to
one side of the sphere before the sphere breaks into pieces.
There will also be smaller pieces that break off from a nucleus
in the same way that throwing a rock at a concrete ball will
cause pieces of different sizes to break off. Depending on how
the particles have shifted inside the nucleus because of the
impact, a splinter may contain, for example, only negative
post-bang matter particles, in which case the splinter would
have a very short lifespan because the negative post-bang
matter particles would repel each other and spread out into the
Medium, to be attracted again to larger particles of matter.
Atoms are made of varying proportions and arrangements of
127 types of post-bang matter particle, the 128th post-bang
matter particle (the smallest) is only found in pyramid crystals.
Early sub-space experiments.
It was clairvoyants who inspired research into sub-space. For
many years researchers couldn’t detect any kind of energy
passing between S1 Human clairvoyants, because they were
looking for a high frequency electromagnetic wave that
travelled at light-speed. They arranged a test to confirm that
communication between clairvoyants happened at light-speed.
Jonathan Edmunds,
Pretoria,
084 272 4930.
